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[{d; 19

Njhoh; gj;kehgh gpwe;j ehs; epidT

1951 etk;gh; 19 k; ehs; fhq;Nfrd;Jiwapy; xU eLj;juf; FLk;gj;jpy; Njhoh; gj;kehgh gpwe;jhh;. trjpahd FLk;gr; #o; epiyfs; mtUf;fpUe;j NghJk; eLj;juth;f;fj;jpw;Nf chpa Raey tho;tpay; fz;Nzhl;lj;ij jtph;j;J nghJ tho;tpy; <Lgl;lhh;.

1972 ,y; Njhoh; ehgh kw;Wk; mtuJ ez;gh;fshYk; cUthf;fg;gl;l jkpo; khzth; Nguit rh;tNjr fz;Nzhl;lj;Jld; Njrpag;gpur;rpidia mZFk; nfhs;if topia filg;gpbj;jJ.

1973 ,y; nfhOk;gpy; nghw;NwhUld; jq;fpapUe;j Njhoh; ehgh njd;dpyq;if rpiwfspy; milf;fg;gl;l kl;lf;fsg;G> jpUkiy> aho;g;ghzk; Mfpa ,lq;fis Nrh;e;j jkpo; ,isQh;fspd; nghw;Nwhh;fSf;F cjTtjpy; Kd;dpd;whh;.

1974 ,y; jkpohuhl;rp khehl;bd; gzpfSf;fhf rptFkhud; jiyikapy; mikf;fg;gl;l njhz;lh; gilapy; Njhoh; ehghTk; XUtuhapUe;jhh;.

1975 jkpo; ,isQh; NguitapypUe;J gphpe;j Njhoh; ehgh> tujuh[ngUkhs; kw;Wk; ,isQh;fs; 1975 [{d; 14 k; jpfjp jkpo; <o tpLjiy ,af;fj;ij Muk;gpj;J mjd; nfhs;if gpufldj;ijAk; ntspapl;ldh;. (jw;Nghja nuNyh my;y)

1976 [{d; khjk; nghyp]huhy; ifJ nra;ag;glL tpLjiyahd rpy ehl;fspy; Njhoh; ehgh fzf;fpay; Jiwapy; fy;tp fw;gjw;fhf mtuJ ngw;Nwhuhy; ,q;fpyhe;jpw;F mDg;gpitf;fg;gl;lhh;. Mdhy; mth; mq;F nraw;gl;Lf;nfhz;bUe;j <og;Gul;rp mikg;ghsh;fSld; ,ize;J murpay; eltbf;iffspy; <Lgl;lJld;> nygdhd; nrd;W ghy];jPd tpLjiy ,af;fj;jpd; MAjg;gapw;rpiaAk; ngw;whh;.

1977 ,y; ,e;jpah nrd;W mqfpUe;J ,yq;if te;jhh;. kiyfa kf;fs; kj;jpapYk;> tlf;F fpof;fpYk; murpay; eltbf;iffis njhlh;e;jhh;.

1978 Mk; Mz;L kl;lf;fsg;G mk;ghiw khtl;lq;fs; #whtspahy; ghjpf;fg;gl;l Ntisap;y; mq;F jdJ Njhoh;fSld; nghUl;fis Nrfhpj;Jf; nfhz;Lnrd;W tpepNahfpj;jJld;> njhz;lhw;Wtjpy; Kd;dzpapy; ,Ue;jhh;.

1981 ,y; eilngw;w mikg;ghsh; khehl;by; <okf;fs; Gul;rpfu tpLjiy Kd;dzpapd; Kd;dzp mikg;Gf;fshd fpuhkpa njhopyhsh; tptrhapfs; Kd;dzp> <okhzth; nghJ kd;wk;> <othypg Kd;dzp> <o ngz;fs; tpLjiy Kd;dzp> Nghd;w Kd;dzp mikg;Gf;fSf;Fk; ,uhZt gphpthd kf;fs; tpLjiy gilf;Fk; jiyik nghWg;ig Vw;whh;.

1984 ,y; eilngw;w <okf;fs; Gul;rpfu tpLjiy Kd;dzpapd; 1 tJ fhq;fpurpy; fl;rpapd; nrayhsh; ehafkhf njhpT nra;ag;gl;lhh;. <Nuh];> nuNyh> <gpMh;vy;vt; Mfpa ,af;fq;fs; ,ize;j <o Njrpa tpLjiy Kd;dzp (<.vd;.vy;.vt;) vd;w If;fpa Kd;dzp cUthtjw;F gpujhd gq;if tfpj;jhh;. ,e;j If;fpa Kd;dzpapy; 1985 ,y; jkpoPo tpLjiyg; GypfSk; ,ize;J nfhz;ldh;.

1988 ,y; ,e;jpa ,yq;if xg;ge;jj;jpd; mbg;gilapy; ,lk;ngw;w khfhz rig Njh;jypy; <gpMh;vy;vt; ngUk;ghd;ik Mrdq;fis ngw;wpUe;j NghJk; Kjyikr;rh; gjtpia jhd; Vw;fhJ Njhoh; tujuh[g;ngUkhSf;F toq;fpaJld; jkpo;> rpq;fs> ,]yhkpa ,dj;jth;fis nfhz;l xU $l;L ke;jphprigia mikf;f ,ja Rj;jpNahL nraw;gl;lhh;.

1989 Njhoh; gj;kehgh 10 tUlq;fs; fhj;jpUe;J jhd; tpUk;gpa Mde;jp vd;w jkpof ngz;iz jpUkzk; Ghpe;jhh;.

1990 [{d; 19k; jpfjp jkpofj;jpd; nrd;id Nfhlk;ghf;fk;> rf;fhhpah fhydpapy; itj;J Njhoh; gj;kehgh; ghrpr Gypfshy; gLnfhiy nra;ag;gl;lhh;.

mtuJ ngUik ePbj;J epytl;Lk;> mtuJ ,yl;rpak; Kd;nfhz;L nry;yg;gll;Lk;> mtuhy; tplg;gl;l flikfs; epiwNtw;wg;gll;Lk;.

<gpMh;vy;vt; ,d; KjyhtJ fhq;fpu]; eilngw;w ,lj;jpw;F tUfpwhh; Njhoh; gj;kehgh

tho;f;ifia nfhz;lhLNthk;

etk;gH 19 NjhoH gj;kehgh gpwe;jehs;

<o kf;fs; Gul;rpfu tpLjiy Kd;dzpd; ngUikf;Fhpa nrayhsH ehafk; NjhoH gj;kehgh mtHfspd; gpwe;jjpdk ,d;whFk;. NjhoH gj;kehghTk; gd;dpuz;L NjhoHfSk; jkpof kz;zpy; gLnfhiy nra;ag;gl;lij epidT $He;j uh[Pt;fhe;jp mtHfs; jdJ jhahH ,e;jpuh fhe;jp mtHfSk; NjhoH gj;kehgh mtHfSk; xNu jpdj;jpy;jhd; gpwe;jtHfs;. xNu tpjkhd ,yl;rpaq;fSf;fhf Nghuhb kuzpj;jtHfs; vd jdJ ,uq;fy; Fwpg;gpy; Fwpg;gpl;bUe;jhH.

xLf;fg;gl;l kf;fspd; Rje;jpuk;> rHtNjr rNfhjuj;Jtk; et fhydpj;Jtj;Jf;F vjpuhd Nghuhl;lk; Mfpatw;iw thpe;J nfhz;ltH mtH. ,yq;ifapy; jkpoHfspd; chpikfSf;fhfTk; r%fq;fspilNa rNfhjuj;Jtj;Jf;fhfTk;> r%f khw;wj;Jf;fhfTk; cioj;jtH mtH. rfy tpjkhd mbikj;jdq;fisAk; mtH vjpHj;jtH. ePjpahd r%f mikg;ig> ghugl;rkw;w r%f mikg;ig mtH Ntz;b epd;wtH.

,e;j cahpa ,yl;rpaq;fSf;fhf 70 fspd; Kw;gFjpapy; ,Ue;J 1990y; mtH gLnfhiy nra;ag;gLk; tiu my;Yk; gfYk; mauhJ cioj;jtH. Kg;gj;njhd;gJ tUlq;fspy; ,e;j cyfpy; thof;fpilj;j re;jHg;gj;jpy; 20 tUlq;fis jdJ r%fj;jpw;fhf> khdplj;jpd; tpbtpw;fhf mHg;gzpj;jpUe;jtH.

vkJ r%fj;jpy;> vkJ ehl;by; gy;yhapuf;fzf;fhd ,se;jiyKiwapdH mfhykhf gLnfhiy nra;ag;gl;lijg; Nghd;Nw mtUk; gLnfhiy nra;ag;gl;lhH. xU tplaj;ij ,q;F ehk; Cd;wp ftdpf;f Ntz;Lk;. r%f ePjp njhlHghd mf;fiwAk;> MNtrKk; nfhz;l ,se;jiyKiwnahd;W fle;Jte;j fhy; E}w;whz;Lfspy; mopf;fg;gl;bUf;fpwJ. mtHfs; gy;NtW r%f tpLjiy ,af;fq;fisr; rhHe;jtHfshfTk; kdpj chpik mikg;Gf;fisr; rhHe;jtHfshfTk;> mfpk;ir> rfpg;Gj;jd;ik vd;gtw;wpy; ek;gpf;iff; nfhz;l jiytHfshfTk; jPHf;fjhprdKk; MSikAk; nfhz;l Gj;jp[PtpfshfTk; rhjhuz ruhrhp khe;jHfshfTk; ,Ue;jpUf;fpwhHfs;. vj;jifa nghpa Mw;wy; mopf;fg;gl;bUf;fpwJ vd Mokhf rpe;jpj;NjhNkahdhy; vkf;F NgujpHr;rp Vw;gLk;. ,jpy; jkpoHfs; khj;jpuky;y rpq;fstHfs;> K];yPk;fSk; mlf;fk;.

ey;yNjhH tPiz nra;Nj mij eyq;nfl GOjpapy; vwptJz;Nlh vd;w ghujpapd; thpfis epidTWj;Jk; tpjkhf fz;fis tpw;W rpj;jpuk; thq;Fk; F&u igj;jpaf;fhuj;jdj;ij epidTWj;Jk; tpjkhf ,q;F ,se;jiyKiw tPo;j;jg;gl;bUf;fpwJ. ,e;j ,sk; jiyKiwapdH epaha czHT nfhz;ltHfs;. mtHfs; mQ;rh neQ;rk; nfhz;ltHfs;. mtHfSila ciog;Gf;fs;> mHg;gzq;fs; vy;yhNk ,q;F tpuakhf;fg;gl;bUf;fpd;wd.

jkpo; ghrprk; Njrpa tpLjiyg; Nghuhl;lj;ijf; fhl;bf; nfhLj;jJ khj;jpuky;yhky;> ,se;jiyKiwapdhpd; NguopTf;Fk; toptFj;jJ vd;why; mJ kpifay;y.

cd;djkhd ,yl;rpaq;fSf;fhf Nghuhba kdpjHfs; khj;jpuky;y jtwhf topelj;jg;gl;L eLfw;fshf khw;wg;gl;ltHfisAk; ehk; vz;zpg; ghHf;f Ntz;Lk;. epidT$u Ntz;Lk;.

kdpj tho;T vd;gJ kpf FWfpa fhyk;. Mdhy; me;j FWfpa fhyj;jpy; mHj;jG+Htkhd tho;f;if tho;tjw;F Mf;fG+Htkhd rhjidfs; nra;tjw;F ,lkspf;fhky; jtwhf topelj;jg;gl;L FWfpa fhyj;jpy; tho;T mopf;fg;gl;ltHfspd; kuzk; mtykhdJ.

kdpj ehfhPfj;jpYk;> kdpj Fy If;fpaj;jpYk;> kdpj Fyj;jpd; vjpHfhyj;jpYk; ek;gpf;ifAilatHfs; kuzq;fs; kype;j G+kp vd;w epiyapypUe;J vkJ Njrj;ij tpLtpf;f jk;ik mh;g;gzpf;f Ntz;Lk; fhe;jpabfspd; nfhy;yhik> md;G> mfpk;ir vd;w caupa Nfhl;ghLfis> tpOkpaq;fis vkJ rKfj;jpy; epiy epWj;j ,e;j mtykhd tuyhw;W fhyfl;lj;jpy; ehk; ghLglNtz;Lk;.

ehk; vjid vy;yhk; ,oe;J tpl;Nlhk;> vjidnay;yhk; ,oe;J nfhz;bUf;fpNwhk; vd;gij Xa;tpy;yhky; vk; kdf;fz;zpy; epiy epWj;j Ntz;Lk;. jdJ gps;is fw;f Ntz;Lk>; itaj;Js; tho;thq;F thoNtz;Lk;> jhHkPf epaha czHT nfhz;l gps;isahf tsu Ntz;Lk; vd;Nw ngw;wtHfs; fdT fhz;ghHfs;. vkJ r%fj;jpy; vj;jid Mapuk; fdTfs; nehWq;fpg; Nghapd. ,e;j fdTfs; Rke;j neQ;rq;fs; ,d;W jhq;nfhzh Jau Rikfis jhq;fp epw;fpd;wd. ntWik> R+dpak; vd;gd mtHfspd; kdij epiwj;jpUf;fpd;wd. Aj;jk; <tpuf;fkw;w td;Kiwfs; khj;jpuky;y ,aw;ifAk; jd; gq;fpw;F ms;spr; nrd;W tpl;lJ. xU kdpjdpd; mtjhuk; vd;gJ vt;tsT kfj;jhd tplak;.

ts;Sthpd; ,U thpf; ftpijfs; <d;w nghOjpy; nghpJtf;Fk; jd;kfid rhd;Nwhd; vdf; Nfl;l jha; vd;fpwJ jd;kfd; rhd;Nwhd; vd mwpAk; NghJ mtidg; ngw;w nghOijtpl jha; nghpJk; kfpo;ths; vd;fpwJ. Mdhy; gps;isfis ,oe;j ngw;Nwhhpd;> kidtpahpd;> fztHfspd;> cw;w Rw;wj;jpd; ngU %r;Rf;fs; vkJ Njrj;jpd; fhw;iw ntg;gkhf;fpapUf;fpd;wd.

,d;W cyfshtpa mstpYk; kdpjHfs; md;whlk; nfhy;yg;gLtnjd;gJ ,ay;ghd tplakhfp tUfpwJ. etPd fhl;Lkpuhz;b epiyia Nehf;fp cyfk; rpije;J nfhz;bUf;fpwJ Custpy; khj;jpuky;y> cyfstpYk; ,J gw;wpa tpopg;GzHr;rp mtrpakhfpwJ.

kdpjd; thOk; cyfpd; ,aw;ifr; R+oiy ghJfhg;gjw;fhd Mgphpf;f ngz;kzp tq;fhpkhjhtpd; tpopg;GzHr;rp nraw;ghLfs; cyfshtpastpy; tpje;Jiuf;fg;gl;ld. mjw;fhd Nehgy; ghpirAk; mtH ngw;wpUe;jhH.

tpiy kjpg;gw;w kdpj capHfspd; khz;ig caHj;jpg; gpbg;gjw;F xU gpukhz;lkhd tpopg;GzHr;rp ,af;fk; Njit.

jkJ gps;isfs; fw;f Ntz;Lk;> vjpHfhyj;jpy; rfy nrsghf;fpaq;fq;fSlDk; tho Ntz;Lk; vd fz; JQ;rhJ my;Yk; gfYk; mauhJ ghLgLk; Gyk; ngaH r%fj;jpd; ngw;NwhHfs; xU fzNkDk; mtHfspd; jhafj;jpy; md;whlk; nfhy;yg;gLgtHfis gw;wp kuzj;ij vjpHNehf;fp ,Ug;gtHfisg; gw;wp rpe;jpf;f Ntz;Lk;. tho;f;if mofpa xtpak; Nghd;wJ. mjd; kPJ ,uj;jj;ij njspj;J moF ghHf;Fk; F&u urid vkf;F Ntz;lhk;. kuzj;ij topgLk; fhl;Lkpuhz;b fyhr;rhuk; vkf;F Ntz;lhk;.

tUlh tUlk; etk;gH khjk; filrp thuk; kuzj;ij kfpOk; Cspj;jhz;ltk; vkJ r%fj;jpy; tpise;Jtpl;l ghrprj;jpdhy; epfo;j;jg;gLfpwJ.

et cyfpd; kdpjHfshd vkf;F ,J Ntz;lhk;. ghkuuha; tpyq;Ffsha; cyfidj;Jk; ,fo;r;rp nrhy;y ,J vkf;F Ntz;lhk;.

kdpjj;jpd; mtjhuj;jpd; thrid> [ddj;jpd; thrid> capHg;gpd; thrid> tsHr;rpapd; mjpHTfs; ,itNa vkf;F Ntz;Lk;. ehk; tho;f;ifia nfhz;lhLNthk;.

NjhoH gj;kehgh mtHfspd; - md;id ,e;jpuhfhe;jp mtHfspd; gpwe;j jpdj;jpy; ehk; nrhy;y tpise;j nra;jp ,Jjhd;.

<o kf;fs; Gul;rpfu tpLjiy Kd;dzp gj;kehgh

mkuh; Njhoh; gj;kehgh jpUkzj;jpd; (1990) NghJ vd;.b.thdkhkiyAld;

mkuh; Njhoh; gj;kehgh fiyQh; fUzhepjpAldhd re;jpg;gpy; 1986

mkuh; Njhoh; gj;kehgh caph;ePj;j Njhoh; xUtuJ FLk;gj;jhUld; 1989

19.11.2006

etk;gh; 19 Njhoh; gj;kehgh 55 tJ gpwe;j ehs;

NjhoH gj;kehgh kf;fis Kd;dpWj;jpa> murpay; jiyikj;Jtj;ij typAWj;jpa jiytuhf jpfo;e;jhH. ,d;W MAjq;fs; mjpfhuk; nrYj;Jk; vkJ r%fj;jpy; md;whlk; nfhiyfSk;> Ml;flj;jy;fSk; epfOk; R+o;epiyapy; kdpj chpikfisAk;> [dehafj;ijAk; kf;fspd; mgpyhirfisAk; Kd;dpWj;jpa NjhoH gj;kehgh epidTf;$ug;gl Ntz;batH.

,j;jifa jiytHfis mopj;Nj jkpo; ghrprk; ,d;iwa mty epiyia Nehf;fp jkpo;r; r%fj;ij ,l;L te;jpUf;fpwJ.

NjhoH gj;kehgh Njrpa xLf;F Kiwfspy; ,Ue;J ,yq;ifapd; jkpoHfs;> K];yPk;fs; tpLtpf;fg; gLtijAk; ,yq;ifapd; rfy ,d kf;fspilNaAk; gue;j If;fpaj;ijAk; rHtNjr mstpy; Rje;jpuk;> [dehafk;> r%f rkj;Jtk; Mfpatw;Wf;fhf NghuhLk; kf;fSld; ehk; fuk; NfhHj;J nraw;gl Ntz;bajd; mtrpaj;ij ,ilawhJ typAWj;jp te;jtH.

Mf;fG+Htkhd KiwfspNyNa mtH vg;NghJk; rpe;jpj;jhH. kdpjHfspd; Rje;jpukhd ey;tho;T vd;gNj mthpd; Fwpf;Nfhshf ,Ue;jJ. Mdhy; mtH kiwe;J 16 Mz;Lfspy; jkpo;r; r%fj;jpd; tho;Tk;> nghJthfNt ,yq;if kf;fspd; tho;T ngUk; ehrj;jpDs; js;sg;gl;Ls;sJ.

Gypfs; ,e;jr; r%fj;jpy; Mf; fg;G+Htkhd topfspy; rpe;jpj;j mj;jid jiytHfisAk; Nghuhl;lf;fhuHfisAk; fle;j ,uz;L jrhg;jq;fspy; gLnfhiy nra;jpUf;fpwhHfs;. mjd; tpisT ghhpa ntw;wplnkhd;W vk; r%fj;jpy; cUthfpAs;sJ.

tlf;F fpof;fpy; murpay; chpikfSf;fhf Nghuhba r%fk; ,d;W md;whl czTf;F jpz;lhl Ntz;ba epiyf;Fk;> kuq;fspd; fPo; thoNtz;ba epiyf;Fk;> cwTfis> clikfis ,oe;j epiyf;F js;sg;gl;bUf;fpwnjd;why; mjw;Fg; gpujhd Kjd;ikahd fhuzk; Gypfspd; ghrpr eltbf;iffNs vd;why; mJ kpifay;y.

1987,y; ,yq;if-,e;jpa xg;ge;jj;jpd; mbg;gilapy; ,ize;j tlf;F fpof;fpy; xU mjpfhug;gfpHT fl;likg;G cUthf;fg;gLtjpy; NjhoH gj;kehgh jdJ gq;fspg;ig toq;fpapUe;jhH. ,d;iwa mtyq;fspy; ,Ue;J ghHf;ifapy; mJ vj;jifa jPHf;fjhprdkpf;f eltbf;if vd;gij ehk; Ghpe;J nfhs;s KbAk;.

eilKiw hPjpahf jhf;fkhd jhf r%fj;Jf;fhd jdJ gq;fspg;ig nra;a Ntz;Lnkd;W fUjpatH NjhoH gj;kehgh. [dehafk;> gue;J gl;l If;fpak; vd;gtw;iw vg;NghJk; mtH kdjpypUj;jp nraw;gl;lhH.

vspikAk; mh;g;gzKk; nfhz;l mtH Nghd;w jiytHfs; vkJ r%fj;jpy; ,d;W fhz;gJ mhpJ. rpy kdpjHfis tuyhW cUthf;FfpwJ. mtHfs; VidNahiutpl jPHf;fjhprdkpf;ftHfshf ,Uf;fpwhHfs;. ,tHfs; vg;NghJk; Jd;gq;fisAk;> ,d;dy;fisAk; Vd; capiu ,of;Fk; epiyia$l re;jpj;jpUf;fpwhHfs;. me;j tifapy; fhe;jpabfSf;F vd;d Neh;e;jNjh> khHl;bd; Y}jUf;F vd;d NeHe;jNjh> NrFNtuhTf;F vd;d NeHe;jNjh md;id ,e;jpuhfhe;jpf;F vd;d NeHe;jNjh mJNt NjhoH gj;kehghTf;Fk; NeHe;jJ.

NjhoH gj;kehghtpd; kiwT Fwpj;J Gypfshy; gLnfhiy nra;ag;gl;l Kd;dhs; ghuj gpujkH uh[Pt;fhe;jp mtHfs; tpLj;j ,uq;fy; nra;jpapy; vdJ jhahH ,e;jpuhfhe;jpAk;> gj;kehghTk; xNu jpdj;jpNyNa (etk;gH 19) gpwe;jpUf;fpwhHfs;. xNutpjkhd ,yl;rpaq;fSf;fhf Nghuhb> xNu tpjkhfNt kuzj;ij re;jpj;jpUf;fpwhHfs; vd;W Fwpg;gpl;bUe;jhH.

NjhoH gj;kehgh vkf;F tpl;Lr; nrd;w [dehafk;> If;fpak;> r%f rkj;Jtk; Mfpa caHe;j r%f tpOkpaq;fis ehk; njhlHe;J Kd;ndLj;Jr; nry;Nthk;.